Desafio regex, filtrando duas substring.

Extrair as linhas que iniciam com P e contém, o dado 24 ou -24.

P 89 24 -1.5388040474568784e+01 7.4421775186012660e+00 -1.3143195543234219e+03 1.3168884860257754e+03 8.0419002445999993e+01 44 0 0 -97 0
P 122 -4 -1.4869334602986523e+01 5.7316939411954255e+00 -1.3144161801429666e+03 1.3169704096915282e+03 8.0419002445999993e+01 44 0 0 -370 0
P 493 -24 -1.4690576431881317e+01 7.3848907323212831e+00 -1.3144620647251766e+03 1.3170224315489374e+03 8.0419002445999993e+01 62 0 0 -499 0
E 3 -1 -1.0000000000000000e+00 -1.0000000000000000e+00 -1.0000000000000000e+00 9999 0 970 1 2 0 7 1.7003962000000002e+05 8.5019810000000018e-01 8.5019810000000018e-01 8.5019810000000018e-01 3.0000000000000000e+01 3.8153441026312507e+01 1.0000000000000000e+11
E 4 -1 -1.0000000000000000e+00 -1.0000000000000000e+00 -1.0000000000000000e+00 9999 0 818 1 2 0 7 1.7003962000000002e+05 8.5019810000000018e-01 8.5019810000000018e-01 8.5019810000000018e-01 3.0000000000000000e+01 3.2509364886711985e+01 1.0000000000000000e+11
P 5 2 0 0 3.7531787088999999e+02 3.8383684055052936e+02 8.0419002445999993e+01 22 0 0 -6 0
P 8 24 7.0195398693654170e+00 3.1543502387874696e+01 5.5989200759599044e+01 1.0318077843755555e+02 8.0419002445999993e+01 44 0 0 -50 0
P 67 28 5.8271676589304882e+00 3.3476871962084061e+01 5.6723118833601163e+01 1.0411236719963519e+02 8.0419002445999993e+01 44 0 0 -168 0
P 219 13 6.0328453988772415e+00 3.3531592253635168e+01 5.6777179460595200e+01 1.0417114266715717e+02 8.0419002445999993e+01 44 0 0 -329 0
P 444 -24 6.4646967953734418e+00 3.4909545978243479e+01 5.7879920796889749e+01 1.0525098522544691e+02 8.0419002445999993e+01 62 0 0 -452 0
E 5 -1 -1.0000000000000000e+00 -1.0000000000000000e+00 -1.0000000000000000e+00 9999 0 598 1 2 0 7 1.7003962000000002e+05 0 0 8.5019810000000018e-01 3.0000000000000000e+01 6.8997318544430456e+01 1.0000000000000000e+11

Extrair com regex, e engine grep .

grep -E 'P\s+\S+\s+([+-]24|\b24)\b' file.txt

Extrair com regex, no regex101.

/^P\s+\d+\s+(24|\-24)\s+[\d\.\+\-e]+\s+[\d\.\+\-e]+\s+[\d\.\+\-e]+\s+[\d\.\+\-e]+\s+[\d\.\+\-e]+\s+\d+\s+\d+\s+\d+\s+\-?\d+\s+\d+$/gm

Os parenteses são ancoras, que pegam uma condição dentro de um bloco: ()